Lumbar Endoscopy Training Simulator

Description

This project presents a 3D-printed simulator for training in lumbar spine endoscopy, developed as reproducible educational tool.

The simulator allows training of basic endoscopic spine surgery maneuvers such as:

• spatial orientation
• instrument manipulation
• identification of anatomical landmarks
• endoscopic visualization
• initial surgical steps such as flavectomy

The system was designed to allow repeated practice outside the operating room, helping trainees develop familiarity with endoscopic instruments and workflow before performing real procedures.

The model was designed to be easy to reproduce using consumer-grade 3D printers, allowing training both in hospitals and at home.

Scientific Context

This simulator was developed and described in the scientific article:

Validation of 3D Simulator for Spine Endoscopy Training

The study describes the development and face validation of a low-cost 3D-printed lumbar endoscopy simulator, evaluated by orthopedic surgeons experienced in video-assisted spine surgery.

Full Article:

• https://www.scielo.br/j/coluna/a/fptyyFVbQSHLjpmJvh7MdDN/?format=pdf&lang=en

• https://www.scielo.br/j/rcbc/a/MzfBPBwGZwwSgSKd4k5Mx7f/?format=pdf&lang=en 

Participants considered the simulator useful for:

• training novice surgeons
• practicing endoscopic maneuvers
• improving familiarity with the surgical technique

The simulator is composed of the following components:

Training Box

A printed external box that houses the lumbar spine model and allows insertion of the endoscope through a posterior portal, simulating the surgical access used in lumbar endoscopy.

Lumbar Spine Model

A synthetic lumbar spine model (L1–S1) created from CT-based anatomical reconstruction.

The model is mounted inside the training box and allows orientation and anatomical recognition during endoscopic training.

Fabrication of the Intervertebral Disc

The intervertebral disc component is produced using a 3D-printed mold.

Currently, the preferred material for producing the disc is ballistic gelatin, which has proven to work very well for simulation purposes while being significantly easier to prepare and manage than silicone.

Advantages of ballistic gelatin:

• Easy and fast preparation
• Low cost
• Good tactile feedback during endoscopic manipulation
• Easy replacement when worn out

Alternative material (used in the study):

Silicone molding rubber with catalyst can also be used if a more durable disc model is desired.

Basic silicone fabrication process:

Apply mold-release paste inside the mold

Prepare silicone mixture with catalyst

Pour silicone into the mold

Allow curing for approximately 24 hours

Carefully remove the fabricated intervertebral disc from the mold

Authors

• Letícia Hatori Miyamoto

• Álynson Larocca Kulcheski

• Lucas Santiago

• Edmar Stieven Filho

• Xavier Soller Graells

Universidade Federal do Paraná – Brazil
Hospital do Trabalhador – Orthopedics and Traumatology Service

Educational Purpose

This simulator was developed for educational and training purposes.

It aims to improve access to surgical simulation by providing a low-cost, reproducible platform for training in lumbar endoscopic surgery.

It does not replace formal surgical training or supervised clinical practice.