Single Stage Electromagnetic Coilgun
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Electromagnetic coilgun that has an initial projectile velocity of 14.5m/s and launches to a height of 10.7 meters.
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Single Stage Electromagnetic Coilgun
In this project, I built a single stage electromagnetic coilgun capable of launching a bearing steel projectile to a height of 10.7 meters at an initial velocity of 14.5 m/s. This was built as a physics project exploring concepts beyond AP Physics 1, specifically electromagnetic induction, capacitor discharge circuits, and the force on ferromagnetic materials in a magnetic field.
How it works:
A 6S lithium ion battery powers a boost converter that charges a 450μF capacitor to 300V, storing 14 joules of electrical energy. When the trigger is pressed, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) discharges the capacitor through an 18 AWG electromagnetic coil in under a millisecond, generating a magnetic field that pulls a bearing steel projectile into the center of the coil. The capacitor discharge ends before the projectile reaches the center, preventing it from being pulled back in and allowing it to exit at full velocity. A flyback diode protects the circuit from the voltage spike caused by the collapsing magnetic field.
Results:
Initial launch velocity: 14.5 m/s
Average height: 10.73 meters
This project was inspired by large scale electromagnetic launch systems like the US Navy's EMALS system used to catapult aircraft off aircraft carriers, and explores the same physics at a scale that can be built and tested at home.
Build instructions can be found here (pending review): https://www.instructables.com/Single-Stage-Electromagnetic-Coilgun/