Air line muffler for 1/4" NPT
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Quiet air line exhaust, customizable with infill.
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Installed on the outlet of a high pressure airline, significantly reduces the noise associated with a discharge of air. Similar things are available commercially (often with porous bronze elements) but here's one you can print!
You can't just print this as-is and expect it to do anything, you've got to make adjustments. First, up the number of shells in the threads so it has some strength. (you should still only tighten this by hand, though) Second, turn off top and bottom layers. This will expose the infill. Next, set an infill that allows flow throughout, gyroid is perfect. Adjust the infill density - I think I used 50% in the photos. Higher infill will probably provide better quieting at the cost of flow rate. Too low and it won't do too much. Experimentation is necessary to find the best for your application. I also discovered that below 48% gyroid infill has very small paths where air can travel directly through, which is probably not optimal. I did look at other infill patterns, and some others might work, but gyroid looks to be the best for this purpose as it is completely open internally but can still have density to control airflow.
As you can tell, I haven't been exactly scientific in testing this, and would welcome someone to do that. These designs are based purely on guesswork.
Two versions are uploaded, a short version and a long version. The long version just has an extended cylindrical section on the air exhaust end for the purpose of increasing the amount of infill that the air has to pass, the theory being that more resistance and a larger outlet area would give better noise reducing performance. If you do this, I'd suggest turning off perimeters for the first 12mm (the cylindrical part) to get the outside as an exit path as well, although perimeters on the first layer would not be a bad idea, but either way you are going to want to make sure you have excellent bed adhesion.
See the screenshots from PrusaSlicer to see what I mean there. I'm also including sample 3MF files from PrusaSlicer and OrcaStudio with several height range modifiers customizing the print.