Mathematical Lattice Airless Baseballs
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A variety of airless baseball designs utilizing TPMS or crystal lattice surface structures.
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Informacje o modelu
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- Printables
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- Other Sports
- Licencja
- Open Community License v1.1
These baseballs are a further exploration of conforming 2d or 3d lattice structures onto a complex surface without doing a hard, Boolean crop. I need to do this work for my graduate research, and it was easy enough to use these as good test cases!
What Are These Models?
These are the "surface-dual" or "surface-cage" of a few 3d lattices that I have to generate in Python for my graduate research. The designs are broken down into two main categories:
Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS): Continuous, non-intersecting surfaces like the Gyroid, Schwarz P, and Schwarz D. These can be printed without internal supports out of PEBA, and work quite well! The bounce can be a little unpredictable, though.
Explicit Strut Lattices: Strong, engineered geometric patterns including square grids, triangles, hexagons, and Voronoi tessellations. These bounce much more predictably, and can even SORT-OF work with PLA. Do need internal supports, though, which can be tough to remove.
How Were They Made?
Rather than using traditional 3D modeling software, these balls were algorithmically generated using Python (trimesh and manifold3d). The TPMS structures were generated by solving the implicit equations and then thickening them up and running the marching-cubes algorithm on them, so the file size is going to be quite a bit larger than the strut-based lattices.
To get a clean outer surface, the cages were generated a bit larger than the ball itself, and then a Boolean crop was done to give a clean outer surface. The seam was approximated by modeling a closed curve and setting it's shape parameter A=0.45.
Printing Recommendations
Material: Any Tough-PLA, PETG (maybe? Someone try this), or PEBA. PEBA worked the best in my testing, but it is very VERY slow.
Layer Height: <5mm
Infill: Anything.
Nozzle: I personally suggest a 0.6mm nozzle, especially for the TPMS lattices. Those are wicked high-surface area, so it would benefit from having a large nozzle and thick walls.
If you want any other structures added, just let me know!