Solar Motion & Position Demonstrator
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Demonstrates the sun's motion & position during the course of a year from any given latitude.
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This design is based on a card stock model by J.L. Snider, Oberlin College, 1992. It is intended for educational outreach & demonstrates the Sun's daily motion & position above the horizon for northern (or southern) latitude observers for the 12 months of the year. It uses a “Sun-Pin” which travels along the holes of a 3D analemma; i.e. figure-8 pattern; therefore illustrating the sun's position in the sky.
Figure 1: Travel of the “Sun-Pin" along the Analemma during the course of the year.
Figure 2: For a fixed observer, the position of the sun in the sky recorded at the same local time during the course of one year follows a figure 8 pattern. Image Credit & Copyright: Anthony Ayiomamitis (TWAN)
The observer is located at the center of the horizon plate and is represented by the placement of a LEGO figure. Solar motion is demonstrated by moving the outer analemma ring from East (sunrise) to West (sunset) around the observer. The compass bearing at sunrise & sunset can be shown to vary as a function of latitude & time of year, in addition to the changing elevation of the sun. The observer's latitude is adjustable by tilting the horizon plate until the appropriate degrees on the latitude ring are indicated. The entire demonstrator assembly can also be tilted for levelness, therefore making it simpler to visualize from an observer's perspective.
For southern hemisphere demonstrations, the horizon plate is installed so that the south compass marking is pointing towards the latitude ring (vs. the north marking). Likewise, the analemma ring is flipped end-for-end so that the southern hemisphere (indicated by text) is at the top of the latitude ring instead of the bottom.
BONUS: Use a pen or keychain flashlight to project shadows from the LEGO figure to demonstrate how the shadow lengths change over the course of the year.
UPDATE: Add an hour dial to your solar demonstrator to show how time is related to the sun's position in the sky. Instructions are provided here: Hour Dial for Solar Motion & Position Demonstrator by 3DMason | Download free STL model | Printables.com
References:
For more information about analemma's, the sun's motion, sundials, etc. refer to this other printable: Heliochronometer - World's Most Accurate Sundial by 3DMason | Download free STL model | Printables.com